Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2025

• •The Act prohibits courts from using 'passage of time' defenses (such as laches, adverse possession, or usucapion) to dismiss claims for Nazi-looted art.
• •The Act prohibits courts from using 'non-merits discretionary' defenses (such as the act of state doctrine, international comity, forum non conveniens, or prudential exhaustion) to dismiss these claims.
• •The law applies to all claims currently pending in court, including those on appeal, and any new claims filed on or after April 13, 2026.
• •The Act establishes nationwide service of process, allowing defendants to be served in any judicial district where they reside, have an agent, or conduct business.
• •The Act clarifies that claims for property lost due to Nazi persecution are valid regardless of the victim's nationality or citizenship.
• •The Act deems these civil claims as actions involving violations of international law for the purposes of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act.
• •A severability clause is included, ensuring that if one part of the law is found invalid, the rest remains in effect.

This act removes legal barriers that previously allowed museums and collectors to keep Nazi-looted art, ensuring that claims are decided based on the facts of the theft rather than the age of the claim.

Patterns POLISCOPE noticed across the record. These are observations to investigate, not conclusions.